• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An electronic driver circuit for LEDs and LASERS for use in time-of-flight technology applications featuring high energy conversion efficiency and high accuracy of distance measurements based on a dual conversion circuit. Continuous-to-DC voltage-to-voltage conversion fused with a pulsed-current DC boost booster, this booster operating at a time-of-flight modulation frequency. At the beginning of a new measurement cycle, the PWM signal to drive the DC-DC conversion is updated in response to currents observed during previous lighting periods.
    公开号:BE1020259A5
    申请号:E2011/0563
    申请日:2011-09-23
    公开日:2013-07-02
    发明作者:Riemer Grootjans；Sebastien Resimont；Maarten Kruijk
    申请人:Sofkinetic Sensors Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Pilot circuit for time-of-flight light sources
    Technical field of invention
    The present invention relates to an electronic control circuit for a load particularly for light sources of which light emitting diodes (LED) or OLED or lasers or laser diodes are examples. In particular, the present invention relates to a control circuit for a lighting device for a telemetry device, a time-of-flight technique camera, or a flight time technology sensor as well as to a lighting device for such a camera or camera as well as to the camera or the camera itself.
    Background of the invention
    Optimal powering of light sources such as LEDs for time-of-flight (TOF) devices requires specialized controllers that minimize intensity variations, for example with battery voltage and uniform pulse output. To this end, there are two types of regulators often used: inductance-based step-up converters and capacitor-based charge pump converters. Each type of regulator has specific advantages / disadvantages.
    The Maxim Integrated Products Application Note 3243 (http://www.maxini-ic.com/an32 43) describes a comparison between LED voltage boosters and load pump circuits. This article compares state-of-the-art regulators, namely the MAX1561 boost converter with respect to the MAX1573 charge pump. Fig. 7 shows the up-converter and charge pump of Fig. 1 of this document. The article suggests advantages for the charge pump.
    A time-of-flight technique camera usually includes a lighting device configured to illuminate an object, and a detection device configured to detect light received from the illuminated object. The time-of-flight technique camera is configured to determine a phase difference between the light emitted by the illumination device and the light reflected by the object and received by the detection device, in order to reconstruct an image of the illuminated object.
    Document US 2011/018451 A1 discloses a light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit configured to drive a plurality of LED arrays that are arranged parallel to each other and each of the LED arrays comprising a plurality of LEDs connected in parallel to each other. series to each other. The LED driving circuit includes a voltage regulation loop and a current regulation loop for controlling a quantity of light emitted by the plurality of LEDs. The voltage regulating loop and the current regulating loop are configured to control a voltage amount input to the LED driving circuit respectively relative to a measured output voltage and a measured current of the LED series.
    • Summary of the invention
    An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic control circuit for a load particularly for light sources of which light emitting diodes (LEDs) or OLEDs or lasers or laser diodes are examples. In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a suitable driving circuit for a lighting device for a telemetry device, a time-of-flight technique camera, or a time-of-flight technology sensor. as well as a lighting device for such a camera or camera as well as the camera device or camera itself.
    An advantage of embodiments of the present invention is to provide an electronic driving circuit for light sources such as LEDs, OLEDs, LASERS and LASER diodes, for use in time-of-flight technology applications having a high efficiency of energy conversion and high accuracy of distance measurements based on a dual conversion circuit.
    In one aspect, the present invention provides a step-up converter circuit for use with a load and a direct current (DC) power supply for DC power conversion into a pulsed wave to drive the load, comprising: a converter circuit DC-DC device comprising a terminal for receiving a DC voltage from the DC power supply, a first inductor, a charge storage device such as a capacitor and first and second switching means, the first inductor being coupled at the terminal; the first switching means being adapted to charge the charge storage device such as a capacitance from the inductor at a first frequency, and a DC-AC voltage converter circuit including a second inductor coupled to the storage device; charge such as the capacitance and a third switching means for driving the inductor as a pulsed-wave power source for charging at a second frequency, the second frequency being greater than the first frequency.
    The second switching means may be a diode means such as a diode or a diode circuit or it may be a switch that is adapted to switch an open circuit to conduct in the same situations as a diode. Diodes may also be incorporated into other electronic components. The capacitance may be a capacitor or a capacitor circuit or any other device with an appropriate capacitance. The first and / or second inductors may be an inductor or an inductor or any other device with a suitable inductor.
    Preferably, fourth switching means is provided for interrupting the current in the load. This has the advantage that light sources do not emit any light during periods of darkness, thereby saving power.
    Preferably, current sensing means for sensing the current in the load is provided. This can be a resistance in series with the load, for example.
    Preferably, a feedback loop is provided to control the boost converter circuit in response to the output of the current sensing means. A negative feedback loop helps maintain operating stability.
    Preferably, the feedback loop and the DC-DC converter circuit control the current in the load in response to the output of the current sensing means. One advantage is that the lighting intensity can be controlled.
    In a preferred embodiment, current control is by PMW pulse width modulation control of the DC-DC converter circuit. The PWM control allows precise and fast control of the total amount of charge that is fed to the capacitor from the first inductor. This controls the amount of current that can be extracted from the capacitor by the second inductor.
    Especially for applications where the current through the load has to be kept constant for a certain time, the feedback loop can be adapted to control or modify the operation of the DC / DC converter circuit only at intervals of time and thus without disturbing operations at other times.
    The voltage booster circuit is particularly well suited for driving a load that is one or more light sources. This makes it possible to use the circuit with a backlight, in sensors or TOF cameras, rangefinders, in optoelectronic transducers and converters, for example for use with fiber optic networks and other optical devices. The source or the plurality of light sources may be one or more light-emitting diodes or lasers or laser diodes. Light sources can be provided separately and do not. necessarily part of the voltage booster circuit.
    Preferably the DC-AC voltage converter circuit is adapted to only draw a DC current from the DC-DC converter circuit. This reduces electromagnetic interference EMI.
    Preferably, an output is provided for a PWM duty cycle value. This can be used to check whether the duty cycle is within allowable limits.
    Optionally, the PWM command may have a start mode and a stop mode. This has the advantage of increasing the current to the load at start-up and decreasing at a standstill, thus allowing a gradual start-up and shutdown.
    In a further aspect of the present invention, a telemetry device, a camera or a sensor may be adapted to determine a distance to an object by measuring the light emitted by the one or more light sources and reflected by the object in measurement cycles, so that the step up converter circuit is adapted to update the PWM control before a measurement cycle. This has the advantage that the update is not performed during a measurement cycle that could restore false distance measurements.
    Thus, according to an exemplary aspect of the invention, there is provided a control circuit for a lighting device for a flight time technique camera. The control circuit can be connected to a lighting unit configured to emit light. The control circuit comprises the DC-DC converter, a DC-AC voltage converter circuit, a lighting unit, and a control unit configured to control the DC-DC converter in response to a signal indicative of a quantity. of the light emitted by the lighting unit. The DC-DC converter can be connected to a power supply and is configured to supply a current to the DC-AC voltage converter circuit in the form of a pulse generator connected in series to the DC-DC converter and configured to transform the output of the DC-DC converter into a pulse train.
    Accordingly, the driver circuit includes a feedback loop or mechanism for adjusting the amount of light emitted by the illumination unit based on an actual amount of light emitted in that the unit of control is configured to control the DC-DC converter in response to (and particularly based on) a control signal indicative of the amount of light emitted by the lighting unit.
    The operation of the feedback loop may be limited to certain time intervals that are preferably synchronized to the timing of the measurement cycles.
    The DC-DC converter can be configured as a step-down regulator, a boost or boost converter, or a step-up / step-down controller. Here, a down-regulator can be configured to down-convert a voltage input to the down-regulator. A boost converter may be configured to increase a value of a voltage input to the voltage converter. A step-up regulator may be configured to down-convert or up-convert an input voltage value. Thus, the driver circuit can use a commercially available electronic component for voltage matching so that the driver circuit can include low manufacturing costs.
    The pulse generator may comprise a power storage element such as an inductor, a switch, and a ground plane, wherein the energy storage element, the switch, and the ground may be connected in series to each other. other, and wherein the switch can be connected in parallel to the lighting unit. Switching of the switch may allow the energy storage element to be connected to ground via the switch or through the lighting unit. During a time in which the energy storage element can be connected to ground via the switch, charging of the energy storage element can be accomplished. In addition, during a time in which the energy storage element can be connected to ground via the lighting unit, a discharge of the energy storage element and thus an emission of energy. light by the lighting unit can be accomplished. As a result, the energy storage element can be preloaded before the light unit emits light, so that the lighting unit can be energized immediately, and a rise time light emitted by the lighting unit can be significantly shortened. Thus, a fast start and / or end of a light emission by the lighting unit can be accomplished, and a waveform of the emitted light can include a steep forward and / or a trailing edge. The latter may be particularly favorable in relation to a time-of-flight technique, which can determine a phase difference between the emitted light and the reflected light. In addition, the amplification unit may comprise a simple design from a structural point of view and inexpensive.
    The control circuit may further comprise a control unit including a current detection means configured to control a current through the lighting unit and configured to provide the signal indicative of the amount of light emitted by itself. based on the controlled current. The control unit can be arranged and / or connected downstream of the lighting unit. As a result, a precise feedback mechanism between a real amount of light emitted and the voltage input to the lighting unit can be established.
    The control unit can be configured to produce a
    Control signal based on the signal indicative of the amount of light emitted and to provide the generated control signal to the DC-DC converter. Thus, precise control of an output voltage of the DC-DC converter can be enabled, in order to accurately impact the amount of light emitted by the lighting unit. A value of the output voltage of the DC-DC converter can be increased and / or decreased based on the control signal.
    The illumination unit is configured to emit pulses of light, wherein the control unit can be configured to produce the control signal in association with (and based on) a set of transmitted light pulses. The control signal may be produced or updated according to the set of light pulses for the direction of future light pulses to be emitted. Thus, control of the amount of light emitted can be based on information averaged over time, so that precise control of the amount of light emitted can be accomplished.
    The illumination unit may comprise at least one element selected from the group consisting of a light emitting diode (LED), an OLED, a laser and a laser diode. The lighting unit may comprise a plurality of the last mentioned element (s).
    The control unit may be configured to integrate a time-dependent waveform of the signal indicative of the controlled current, particularly the waveform of the controlled current, associated with all the transmitted light pulses. In addition, the control unit may be configured to compare the integration value with a reference value to determine whether to execute a command of the DC-DC converter. Thus, the control signal may comprise a single value for the time period associated with all the light pulses, thereby basing the control of the voltage converter on a "digital" signal and facilitating signal processing during the control of the voltage converter. The set of transmitted light pulses may be associated with a frame of the light emission and may comprise four light pulses.
    The lighting unit may comprise a plurality of light sources, wherein each of the light sources may be configured to emit light pulses, wherein the light sources may be serially connected to each other. Thus, the light sources can be arranged in a series. or a branch connected in parallel with the switch of the pulse generator. Thus, a simple design of the lighting device can be established. In addition, a uniformity of the light emitted by each of the light sources can be established in that a sufficient amount of current is supplied to each of the light sources via the DC-DC converter and the pulse generator. .
    The lighting unit may comprise a plurality of light sources arranged in a plurality of parallel series, wherein each of the plurality of series may comprise at least two light sources. Each series can be arranged in parallel with a switch. In addition, the adaptability of the lighting device and thus the light emitted can be facilitated in that the plurality of series can be designed to provide a desired amount of emitted light. Further, a uniformity of light emitted by each of the light emitting elements can be established in that the amount of current is set and controlled for each of the plurality of series.
    The control unit of the control circuit can be configured to control the DC-DC converter based on information indicative of a start of a determination cycle of the detection device, in which the determination cycle can be associated to a determination of a phase difference (unique). A determination cycle may be associated with one or more illumination and detection cycles respectively of the illumination device and the detection device, each illumination and detection cycle comprising, for example, 1000 frames, each of which they comprise four pulses of light.
    The detection device may be configured to provide a signal to the control unit, wherein this signal is indicative of the beginning of the phase difference determining cycle. Thus, a direct feedback mechanism between the detection device and the lighting device can be established, thereby facilitating control of the amount of light emitted from the lighting unit of the lighting device.
    Alternatively, the control circuit control unit may comprise an incremental counter configured to count a number of generated control signals and to compare the counted number to a predetermined value associated with the determination cycle. When the predetermined value is exceeded, the start of a new determination cycle can be indicated.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Figure 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the driver according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 illustrates the timing of the signals for driving the circuit of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a control circuit according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention driving two sets of LED / Laser branches; FIG. 4 represents a time dependence of light pulses emitted by the light sources; FIG. 5 represents a time dependence of a control signal to be supplied to a voltage converter circuit according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a time-of-flight technique camera according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 represents a voltage booster converter and a charge pump of the prior art for driving LEDs.
    Description of Representative Embodiments
    The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings but the invention is not limited thereto, but only by the claims. The drawings described are only schematic and not limiting. In the drawings, the size of some of the elements may be exaggerated and not drawn to scale for a representative purpose. When an article defined or indefinite is. Used by referring to a singular name such as "a" or "an", "the", this includes a plural of that name unless something else is specifically exposed. In the different figures, the same reference signs refer to the same elements or to similar elements. The representations in the figures are schematic.
    The term "comprising", as used in the claims, should not be construed as being limited to the means listed after the latter; it does not exclude other elements or steps. Thus, the scope of the term "a device comprising means A and B" should not be limited to devices consisting only of components A and B. This means that with respect to the present invention, the only suitable components of the device are A and B.
    In addition, the terms first, second, third and so on in the description and in the claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily to describe a sequential or chronological order. It will be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are susceptible to implementation in other sequences than those described or shown in this document.
    In addition, the terms above, below, on, under and so on in the description and claims are used for descriptive purposes and not necessarily to describe relative positions. It will be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are susceptible to implementation in other orientations than those described or represented in this document.
    One aspect of the present invention is a voltage-to-DC voltage conversion circuit coupled to a Pulse Continuous Boost booster, particularly for use with a display backlight, in sensors or pickup devices. FOVs, telemeters or optoelectronic transducers and converters, for example for use with fiber optic networks and other optical devices. In the following, the present invention will be described with reference to a telemetry device or a camera or a TOF sensor, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The output of the light sources can be precise and "clean" pulses such as square wave pulses that provide a high signal-to-noise ratio. The Pulse Continuous Pulse booster, for example, can be implemented at frequencies used in optical telecommunications or for time-of-flight detection detection modulations. The driver circuit according to the present invention can be used with an optoelectronic coupler in a laptop or PC, for example, for connection to an optical fiber network.
    For example, distance determination using the flight time principle is performed by measurements on the received signal reflected by an object. At the beginning of a new measurement cycle, a switched control signal, such as a PWM signal for driving the DC-DC conversion, may be updated in response to currents observed during one or the previous lighting period.
    Node 101 in Figure 1 is a power input for a proposed driver circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The voltage Vsupply on this node can come from any suitable DC power supply, for example 4 to 5 V as in a device powered by USB or from a battery, photovoltaic cell, etc. Decoupling means is provided such that a capacitance as represented by the capacitor C1 which serves as a decoupling capacitor for buffering the voltage on the Vsupply node 101. Cl can be a capacitor or a capacitor circuit. The decoupling means may be part of a DC-DC conversion circuit which may be, for example, a step-up converter circuit, a step-down converter circuit, or a voltage step-down converter circuit. Any of these circuits can be as circuits according to the state of the art, but modified with the new features mentioned below. The DC-DC voltage booster circuit may include a controllable switching means such as a pulse width modulation (PWM) system 102 for driving a switch M1 that charges an energy storage device such as the coil of conversion inductance L1. According to embodiments of the present invention, the manner in which the PWM value is updated will deviate from the state of the art as will be explained further below.
    The energy storage element in the form of the inductance coil L1 is connected to a switch M1 which, in turn, is connected to ground. The switch M1 may be configured as a field effect transistor comprising two main electrodes, for example a source and a drain, and a control electrode, for example a gate. One of the main electrodes, for example the source, is connected to the inductor L1, and the other main electrode, for example the drain, is connected to ground. A variable voltage applied to the gate defines a switching frequency of the switch M1.
    In the embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIG. 1, a DC-DC voltage conversion of the booster type is used as an example. The voltage step-down and step-down type of step-up and go-down conversion are also useful and provide the same advantages as the step-up type used in the following explanation.
    The DC-DC voltage-to-voltage conversion works as follows. Ll is an inductance for the DC-DC voltage booster circuit. The switching signal which may be a PWM signal on the node 103 drives an electronic switch which may be a transistor M1. This transistor M1 preferably has a low DC resistance (Rds ON) to limit the power losses by charging the inductor L1. When the signal on node 103 is HIGH, it will pull node 104 to ground. During this period, inductance Ll charges energy from Vsupply 101. When the signal on node 103 is LOW, M1 is non-conductive and node 104 is no longer connected to or grounded. Part of the energy charged in L1 will now be transferred to charge a storage device such as a capacitor C2 through a suitable switch such as a diode D1. If the diode D1 is replaced by a switch, the efficiency can be further increased. Such a switch is driveably driven in an antagonistic manner with the switch M1, without overlapping. A diode usually has the drawback of a voltage drop, which can be avoided with a properly controlled switch.
    The charge storage device C2 may be a capacitor or a capacitor circuit or may be a capacitance associated with another device. The preceding sequence will result in a voltage on the node 105, with a value VI. C2 is a charge storage device and a decoupling device which should have a sufficiently high value and a sufficiently low equivalent series resistance. By applying a switched control modulation as a PWM modulation on the node 103, the power transferred to the node 105 can be regulated. In this topology, VI will be larger than Vsupply on node 101. So we can speak of a DC-DC voltage rise. The switching frequency of M1 is for example in the range of 50 kHz to 2 MHz. The frequency is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the frequency used in the next pulse generator, for example for time-of-flight modulation. Those skilled in the art can similarly implement a DC-DC voltage step-down converter, or a DC-DC step-down converter.
    Connected to the node 105, there is the DC voltage booster 107 with a load that can be constituted by light sources, for example light sources connected in series. The light sources may be solid state light sources, LEDs 106, or OLEDs or lasers or laser diodes arranged as a load, for example coupled in series. It can have a single series or multiple sets of light sources. The light sources can be provided separately and are not necessarily part of the boost converter circuit.
    The voltage across the light sources, for example LEDs, will be alternately higher than VI, or close to zero volts. The light sources, for example LEDs 106, must be turned ON and OFF with the modulation frequency, used for example for the measurement with the flight time technique. The modulation is preferably a square wave. This frequency can be anywhere from 5 MHz to 400 MHz. For particular implementations, the time-of-flight modulation arrangement may even be more complex, for example it may consist of a sequence of bits instead of successive repeated down-up and up-down, for example by being a repeated password or a sequence of pseudo-random bits. A second inductor such as the inductor L2, possibly having a much smaller inductance than L1, is connected to the light sources, for example LEDs 106. The light sources, for example LEDs 106, may be one or more LED or OLED or LASERS or laser diodes in series, for example used as a time-of-flight light source or as a part thereof. L2 is also connected to a switch M2 which can bypass light sources, for example LEDs 106, and provides a means for charging energy into the inductor L2. The light sources are connected in parallel with a switch M2 and are arranged between the inductor L2 and the ground. The switch M2 may be an electronic switch as a transistor. The switch M2 may be configured as a field effect transistor comprising two main electrodes, for example a source and a drain and a control electrode, for example a gate. One of the main electrodes, for example the source, is connected to the inductor L2, and the other main electrode, for example the drain, is connected to ground. A variable voltage applied to the gate defines a switching frequency of the switch M2.
    In series with the light sources, for example LEDs 106, it is possible to provide a third electronic switch M3 allowing the light sources, for example LEDs 106, to be taken out of service during periods of darkness, for example when time-of-flight technique measurements are stopped. This happens conventionally every time the imaging matrix is read. M3 can be a transistor. The switch M3 can be configured as a field effect transistor comprising two main electrodes, for example a source and a drain, and a control electrode, for example a gate. One of the main electrodes, for example the source, is connected to the light sources, and the other main electrode, for example the drain, is connected to ground. A voltage applied to the gate defines whether M3 is conductive or cut.
    The voltage on the node 108 will be raised to a voltage which may be, for example, up to twice the voltage VI on the node 105, providing a margin for driving multiple light sources, for example LEDs in series, increasing the overall efficiency of the system and making the delay between the opening of the M2 switch and the moment when the light will be produced very independent of the resistance of the load, for example light sources such as LEDs, OLEDs or lasers or piloted laser diodes. This is important because variations in this delay will deteriorate the distance measurement accuracy in a telemetry device or a camera or TOF sensor. The voltage V1 may be for example 8 V, and the pulse emission voltage at the node 108 may rise to 15 V. The node 109 is connected to one of the main electrodes of the switches M2 and M3, for example the drains M2 and M3 switches, and a control circuit including a current sensor as a very small RSense current detection resistor jj whose other terminal is connected or coupled to ground. The voltage on the node 109 should be kept low, for example a few hundred millivolts. This can be achieved by choosing a very small resistor Rseiise and thus reducing the losses due to this resistance of detection. Node 109 is further connected to other components of the control circuit such as a low-pass filter, given here as an example by an RLP resistor and a CLP capacitor. The voltage on the node 110 gives an average of the voltage on the node 109, being an indication for the average current through the load as across Rsense or across the inductor L2. This voltage is compared by a comparator 116 to a reference voltage Vref on the node 111, the comparison result being fed through the node 115 to a synchronization generator 102. The adjustment of this reference voltage makes it possible to control the current. flowing through light sources, for example LEDs, OLED or LASER or laser diodes.
    The synchronization generator 102 controls the switches M1, M2 and M3 respectively via nodes 103, 112 and 113. These switches are preferably power MosFets, but they can also be bipolar transistors. M2 is driven by a signal oscillating on the node 112 which is LOW when the light sources, for example LEDs 106, are to produce a light, using the energy stored in L2 and which is HIGH when the inductor L2 stores the energy it receives from C2. Preferably the signal on node 112 is DC balanced, i.e., the average LOW time is 50% of the time, and the average HIGH time is the remaining 50%. The average current through the light sources, e.g. LEDs 106, is about 50% of the current through Rsense, but this is offset by the fact that the voltage at the node 108 during a light emission can be about 2 times the voltage VI. When the switch M2 is conducting, the effective short circuit of the light sources, for example LEDs 106, (assuming that the switch M3 is also conducting), helps to cut off the light emitted by the light sources, for example LED 106, reproducibly, adding again to the measurement accuracy. The maximum voltage across the RSense terminals should be chosen small enough so as not to dissipate too much power in RSense, but much larger than possible offsets in the comparator 116 allowing the comparator to produce meaningful signals on its output node 115.
    The timing generator 102 may be configured to incorporate a time-dependent waveform of the signal indicative of the controlled current, particularly the controlled current waveform, associated with a set of transmitted light pulses. Alternatively, the timing generator may be adapted to receive such an integrated value from another component. In addition, the timing generator 102 may be configured to compare the integration value with a reference value to determine whether to execute a control operation. Thus, the control signal may comprise a single value for the time period associated with a set of light pulses, thereby basing the control of the DC-DC voltage converter on a "digital" signal and facilitating signal processing. during the control of the DC-DC voltage converter. Alternatively, the timing generator may be adapted to receive such a control signal from another component.
    In sensors with real time of flight, one needs to carry out several periods of measurement before being able to carry out a calculation of distance. In Figure 2, these lighting periods are numbered 220, 222, 224 and 226. A set of lighting periods forms a measurement cycle 250. It is also possible to take these measurements at the same time in parallel if sufficient sensors are provided. In the case where the measurements would be sequentially obtained, a first illumination period 220 will be performed, during which the received light is mixed with a signal which is in phase with the emitted light. This is then followed by a period 221 of reading the sensor array, during which the modulated light is cut off. This is then followed by a second 222, a third 224 and a fourth illumination period (or plus or minus) during which the received light is respectively mixed with for example a phase shift of 180 degrees, a phase shift of 90 degrees and a phase shift 270 degrees. Each of the illumination periods has its own reading period (respectively numbered 221, 223, 225 and 227) as shown in Figure 2. In a digital processor (not shown), all the reading results can be collected and distances evaluated. The timing generator 102 may also be connected to a time-of-flight sensor (not shown) to provide the various phase delays with respect to the signal 212. It may also provide the signals driving the read process. This is indicated in FIG. 1 by "other synchronized signals" 114.
    FIG. 2 furthermore represents the signals 203, 212 and 213 respectively on the nodes 103, 112 and 113 driving the switches M1, M2 and M3. During the illumination periods 220, 222, 224 and 226, the DC-DC converter receives a constant PWM signal 203 over M1 through the node 103, i.e. with a constant duty cycle.
    Also, the switch M2 receives the time-modulated signal 212 setting the light sources, for example LEDs 106, alternately ON and OFF at high speed. The switch M3 is also conducting during these periods, which is in correspondence with the HIGH levels in the curve 213 which represents the signal on the node 113.
    During read periods, all three control signals 203, 212 and 213 must be LOW, ensuring that none of the switches, for example the transistors M1, M2 or M3, are conductive. This keeps the light sources, for example LEDs 106, in the OFF state, without consuming energy. During a complete measurement cycle 250, the PWM signal on 203 has the same duty cycle as during the four given illumination periods. In this way, it is ensured that the output light remains of the same oscillation amplitude as much as possible. This is a requirement for high accuracy flight time measurements. During one or more of the illumination periods 220, 222, 224, 226 in a measurement cycle, the timing generator may control the signal on the node 115 to find out whether, on average, the current through Rsense is too LOW or too high. According to its determination, the duty cycle of the 203 PWM signal can be updated at the beginning of the next measuring cycle. This will then lead to an adjustment of the voltage VI on the node 105 and then to an adjustment of the current through Rsense and through the light sources, for example LEDs 106.
    A possible set of component values is given in the following table:
    To achieve higher light output power, charges with multiple branches such as light sources, e.g. LEDs, OLEDs or LASERS or laser diodes, can be driven according to the principle of this invention. The DC power supply and the light sources can be provided separately and - are not necessarily part of the boost converter circuit.
    FIG. 3 represents an example which has in addition to the circuit of FIG. 1: an additional branch of light sources arranged in parallel, for example with an additional series of LEDs: LED7, LED ", LED3, LED1, LED11 and LEDlz which are also piloted. More branches can be added. In this embodiment, an additional inductance L3 is added by additional load branch, two additional switches, for example transistors M5 and M4 for each extra load branch, a current detection means, for example an RSense2 resistor per branch. additional load and a averaging element such as an RLP2 resistor. The switches M4 and M5 may be configured as field effect transistors, each comprising two main electrodes, for example a source and a drain, and a control electrode, for example a gate. For M4, one of the main electrodes, for example the source, is connected to the inductance coil light sources, and the other main electrode, for example the drain, is connected to ground and to a control circuit. A voltage applied to the gate defines whether M4 is conductive or not. For M5, one of the main electrodes, for example the source, is connected to the inductor L3, and the other main electrode, for example the drain, is connected to ground and to a control circuit. A variable voltage applied to the gate defines a switching frequency of the switch M5.
    In this embodiment, it is assumed that all the light sources, for example LEDs, are of almost the same type, leading to almost the same current for a given value VI, making it possible to work with a first continuous voltage rise circuit. -continue common.
    Various changes may be made to any of the previously described embodiments, all of which are within the scope of the present invention. For example, while instead of the DC-DC converter receiving a constant PWM signal 203 on M1 through node 103, i.e. with a constant duty cycle, during a start-up or shutdown mode, the timing generator 102 can increase and decrease the PWM duty cycle so as to respectively provide progressive start and stop. Also it may be useful to provide an output of a value related to the duty cycle used. This can be used to check whether the duty cycle is within appropriate limits.
    The . DC-AC voltage converter circuit can be adapted to only draw a DC current from the DC-DC converter circuit. This reduces electromagnetic interference EMI.
    Any one of the preceding embodiments may be used with a sensor or a camera or a time-of-flight telemetry device. In addition to the aforementioned light sources, a detection device is provided and configured to detect the light and to determine a phase difference between the emitted light and the detected light, wherein the above-described embodiments of the present invention can be used as a control unit, for example configured to control based on information indicative of a start of a measurement cycle of the detection device. The measurement cycle used for a determination of a phase difference between light emitted and received. Thus, light uniformity of the light sources can be established during a measurement cycle of the detection device. A measurement cycle may be associated with one or more illumination and detection cycles, each illumination and detection cycle including, for example, 1000 frames, each of which includes four periods of light pulses.
    Referring to FIG. 4, a time dependence of the light pulses emitted by the plurality of light sources is shown. A graph 342 of Figure 4 includes an abscissa 344 indicating a time (in arbitrary units) and an ordinate 346 indicating a quantity of the light emitted (in arbitrary units). The light pulses 347a-d comprise a step-like waveform and are assigned to 348a-c frames. Each frame 348a-c comprises four light pulses 347a-d. A large number such as a thousand frames are combined in one illumination cycle of the illumination device 102. The illumination and detection cycles are identically defined with respect to one another. Each light pulse 347a-d is associated with a "quadrant" 350a-d defined by a period of time associated with the emission of the light pulses 347a-d (non-zero value of the waveform) and a period of time associated with a dead time of the plurality of emitting elements of the. light 332a-e (null value of the waveform). Since the inductor L2 and / or L3 are discharged immediately after the switch M2 and / or M5 are turned off, the transmitted light pulses 347a-d are produced immediately after the switching process and include steep front flanks. Since the current supplied to the plurality of light sources is interrupted when the switch M2 and / or M5 is turned on, the light emission is suddenly interrupted, and the light pulses 347a-d have a flank. steep back. If the switching is performed during and at equidistant time intervals, then the power supplied to the plurality of light emitting elements 232a-f during each switching cycle is constant, and the light emitted is uniform.
    The detection device may be configured to provide a measurement signal to the above-described voltage booster circuit according to any of the embodiments of the present invention, wherein the measurement signal is indicative of the beginning of a cycle of the present invention. measuring the phase difference. Thus, a direct feedback mechanism between the sensing device and the boost converter circuit can be established, thereby facilitating control of the amount of light emitted from the light sources.
    Referring to FIG. 5, a production of the control signal will be explained in more detail based on the controlled current values. A graph 452 of Figure 5 includes an abscissa 454 indicating a time (in arbitrary units) and an ordinate 456 indicating the control signal (in arbitrary units) of the feedback chain. A curve 458 indicates the control signals produced. Similar to the amount of light emitted described in FIG. 4, the detected current comprises a step-like waveform having a non-zero value during the time period of each 350-ad quadrant of each frame 348a-c during which light is emitted by the plurality of light sources. The monitored current is integrated as indicated by the signals transmitted during the time period associated with a frame 348a-c, and the integration value is sampled for each frame time period. Accordingly, the control signal of the feedback chain includes a step-like shape, and is configured as a digital signal incremented in equal units. A value of the control signal is indicative of the amount of light emitted and thus indicates to the timing generator 102 in combination with a stored reference value whether the voltage supplied to the plurality of light sources may need to be increased for example by one. desired amount of light emitted.
    Alternatively, the timing generator 102 may include an incremental counter configured to count a number of generated control signals and to compare the counted number to a predetermined value associated with the measurement. When exceeding the predetermined value, the beginning of a new measuring cycle can be indicated.
    In the foregoing description with respect to Figs. 1 and 3, the timing generator 102 has been shown as a single unit. However, the timing generator 102 has several outputs and any or all of them could be realized by individual timing circuits, for example linked by a single system clock.
    Referring to Fig. 6, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a time-of-flight camera 400 according to embodiments of the present invention, as previously described, includes a lighting device. 402 configured to illuminate an object with a light, and a detection device 404 configured to detect light reflected from the object and to determine a phase difference between the light emitted by the illumination device and the detected light. The detection device includes an optical sensor for receiving light. The camera may be adapted to determine a distance to the object on a pixel by pixel basis from the determined phase difference for each pixel of the camera. From this distance information, a 3D image of the object can be produced.
    The lighting device 402 includes a driver circuit 406 which includes a DC-DC converter 410 as previously described. In previously described embodiments, the DC-DC converter 410 has a power storage element such as an inductance L1, a first switch such as a diode D1, a storage device. charge as a capacitor C1 and a second switch Ml. Part of the function of the timing generator 102 may be included in the DC-DC converter 410. The DC-DC converter circuit 410 may be connected to a DC power supply 407. The DC-DC converter 410 is configured to controlling the light emission of the lighting device 402. In addition, the lighting device 402 comprises a lighting unit 408 comprising a plurality of light sources arranged in series, that is to say in series with each other, as previously described. Light sources can be, for example, LEDs, OLEDs, lasers or laser diodes. The light sources can be provided separately and are not necessarily a fixed part of the lighting device 402.
    The DC power supply 407 is configured to supply DC power to DC-DC converter 410 and lighting unit 408 and may also be configured to supply power to other components of the DC power source 408. time-of-flight camera, for example, the detection device 404.
    The control circuit 406 comprises the DC-DC converter circuit 410 previously described, implemented as a step-up converter, a voltage-reducing regulator or as a step-down converter. In addition, the driver circuit 406 also includes the previously described AC DC voltage converter which is configured as a pulse generating circuit 412 connected downstream of the DC-DC converter 410 and configured to convert a voltage of DC voltage. output of the DC-DC converter 410 into a pulse train, for example a pulse train in square wave. The pulse generating circuit 412 drives the lighting unit 408. The pulse generating circuit 412 includes the previously described switch M2 and / or M5 and also includes a portion of the function of the timing generator 102.
    A control unit 414, comprising for example the Rsense current detection means and the comparator 116 previously described, is connected between the lighting unit 408 and a control unit 416 of the DC-DC converter 410. control 416 includes a portion of the timing generator function 102 previously described. The control unit 414 and the control unit 416 form a negative feedback loop for controlling the current through the lighting unit 408. The control unit 414 is configured to control a current through the unit 408 and to produce a first signal indicative of the controlled current. Therefore, this first signal is indicative of a quantity of light emitted by the lighting unit 408. The control unit 416 is configured to control the DC-DC converter 410 and / or the pulse generator 412 in response. to and based on the first signal produced by the control unit 414.
    Further, the control unit 416 is configured to control the DC-DC converter 410 and / or the pulse generator 412 in response to a second signal indicative of a start of a new device determination cycle. time-of-flight recording associated with determining the phase difference. For this purpose, the detection device 404 of the time-of-flight camera is configured to produce this second signal and to provide this second signal to the control unit 416. In response to the second signal indicative of a start of a new time-of-flight camera determination cycle, an update of the current through the lighting unit 408 (which has been controlled by the control unit 414) can be performed by the control unit 416 and / or the pulse generator 412 before the start of the new determination cycle. By limiting updates to only before the start of a determination cycle, the lighting unit 408 is driven with stable states during a complete measurement cycle giving a single phase determination. It is important, for the entire determination cycle that is used to determine a single phase measurement, that the lighting conditions remain constant.
    While the invention has been shown and described in detail in the drawings and the foregoing description, such representations and descriptions should be considered representative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variants of the disclosed embodiments may be understood and made by those skilled in the art in carrying out the claimed invention from a review of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. The mere fact that some measures are mentioned in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures can not be used to the advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be interpreted as limiting the scope.
    Translation of drawings
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    A step-up converter circuit for use with a DC power supply for converting DC power into a pulsed wave for driving a load, comprising: a DC-DC converter circuit including a terminal for receiving a voltage direct current from the DC power supply, a first inductor, a charge storage device and first and second switching means, the first inductor being coupled to the terminal; the first and second switching means being adapted to charge the charge storage device from the first inductance at a first frequency, and a DC-AC voltage converter circuit comprising a third switching means, and a second inductance coupled to the charge storage device and the third switching means, the third switching means being arranged to charge energy in the second inductor and to drive the second inductor as a pulsed-wave power source for the load at a second frequency, the second frequency being greater than the first frequency.
    [2]
    The step-up converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the third switching means is arranged to short-circuit the load.
    [3]
    The step-up converter circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the third switching means is connected in parallel with the load.
    [4]
    The step-up converter circuit according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the arrangement of the charge storage device, the second inductor, the load and the third switching means raises the voltage on the load to a higher level. high than the voltage on the charge storage device.
    [5]
    The step-up converter circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the DC-AC voltage converter circuit is a pulsed-wave DC-DC voltage converter circuit.
    [6]
    The step-up converter circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second switching means is a diode means.
    [7]
    The step-up converter circuit according to any of the claims, further comprising fourth switching means for interrupting the current in the load.
    [8]
    The boost converter circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising current sensing means for sensing current in the load.
    [9]
    The boost converter circuit of claim 8, further comprising a feedback chain for controlling the boost converter circuit in response to the output of the current sensing means.
    [10]
    The step-up converter circuit of claim 9, wherein the feedback chain and the DC-DC converter circuit control the current in the load in response to the output of the current sensing means.
    [11]
    The step-up converter circuit of claim 10, wherein the current control is by a PWM control of the DC-DC converter circuit.
    [12]
    The step-up converter circuit of claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein the feedback chain is adapted to control the DC-DC converter circuit only at intervals of time.
    [13]
    The step-up converter circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the load is one or more light sources.
    [14]
    The step-up converter circuit of claim 13, wherein the one or more light sources are one or more light-emitting diodes, or organic light-emitting diodes, or lasers or laser diodes.
    [15]
    The step-up converter circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the DC-AC voltage converter circuit is adapted to only draw a DC current from the DC-DC converter circuit.
    [16]
    The boost converter circuit according to any one of claims 11 to 15, further comprising an output for a duty cycle value PWM.
    [17]
    The boost converter circuit of any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the PWM control has a start mode and a stop mode.
    [18]
    18. Telemetry device, camera or sensor including the step-up converter circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
    [19]
    A telemetry device, camera or sensor according to claim 15 when dependent on any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the telemetry device, the camera or the sensor are designed to determining a distance to an object by measuring the light emitted by the one or more light sources and reflected by the object within measurement cycles, so that the voltage boost converter circuit is designed to update the PWM command before a measurement cycle.
    [20]
    20. Telemetry device, camera or sensor according to claim 19, wherein the time slots of claim 12 are synchronized to the synchronization of the measurement cycles.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR20130143074A|2013-12-30|
    TWI524810B|2016-03-01|
    WO2013007787A1|2013-01-17|
    KR101622448B1|2016-05-18|
    CN103262652B|2018-03-09|
    JP2014508505A|2014-04-03|
    EP2622942B1|2014-06-11|
    CN103262652A|2013-08-21|
    GB2492833A|2013-01-16|
    EP2622942A1|2013-08-07|
    GB201112115D0|2011-08-31|
    TW201306647A|2013-02-01|
    JP5753283B2|2015-07-22|
    US20140211192A1|2014-07-31|
    US9847736B2|2017-12-19|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB201112115|2011-07-14|
    GB1112115.9A|GB2492833A|2011-07-14|2011-07-14|LED boost converter driver circuit for Time Of Flight light sources|
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